Ethical Hacking

1. Introduction to Ethical Hacking

• What is Ethical Hacking?
• Cybersecurity Threats and Attack Vectors
• Information Security Controls
• Hacking Concepts (Hacker Types, Hacking Phases)
• Legal Implications and Professional Ethics

2. Footprinting and Reconnaissance

• Information Gathering Techniques
• Types of Footprinting (Active, Passive)
• Footprinting Tools
• WHOIS Lookup, DNS Interrogation, IP Geolocation
• Social Engineering Techniques
• Countermeasures for Footprinting

3. Scanning Networks

• Network Scanning Methodologies
• Port Scanning (TCP, UDP)
• Vulnerability Scanning
• Scanning Tools: Nmap, SuperScan, etc.
• Banner Grabbing and OS Fingerprinting
• Countermeasures for Network Scanning

4. Enumeration

• Enumeration Concepts and Techniques
• Network Enumeration Tools
• NetBIOS Enumeration, SNMP Enumeration
• Countermeasures for Enumeration

5. Vulnerability Analysis

• Vulnerability Assessment Life Cycle
• Vulnerability Classification (CVSS, CVE)
• Vulnerability Scanning Tools (OpenVAS, Nessus)
• Manual Vulnerability Discovery Techniques
• Patch Management and Security Updates

6. System Hacking

• Password Cracking Techniques (Brute Force, Dictionary Attack, Rainbow Tables)
• Privilege Escalation (Windows and Linux)
• Steganography and Covering Tracks
• Malware Types: Trojans, Backdoors, Ransomware, Rootkits
• Remote Access Trojans (RATs)
• Countermeasures for System Hacking

7. Malware Threats

• Types of Malware (Viruses, Worms, Spyware, Adware)
• Malware Detection and Analysis Techniques
• Trojans, Keyloggers, and Botnets
• APTs (Advanced Persistent Threats)
• Anti-Malware Tools and Best Practices

8. Sniffing

• Network Sniffing Concepts (Active vs Passive Sniffing)
• Packet Capture Tools (Wireshark, tcpdump)
• ARP Poisoning, MAC Flooding, DNS Poisoning
• MITM (Man-in-the-Middle) Attacks
• Countermeasures to Defend Against Sniffing

9. Social Engineering

• Social Engineering Techniques (Phishing, Spear Phishing, Pretexting, Baiting)
• Human-based and Computer-based Social Engineering Attacks
• Impersonation, Insider Threats
• Social Engineering Penetration Testing
• Countermeasures: Security Awareness and Training

10. Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks

• DoS vs DDoS Attacks
• DoS Techniques (Flood Attacks, Ping of Death, SYN Flood)
• Botnets and DDoS Tools
• Application Layer DoS Attacks
• DoS Detection and Mitigation Techniques

11. Session Hijacking

• Session Hijacking Concepts
• Types of Session Hijacking (TCP/IP Hijacking, MITM Attacks)
• Session Fixation and Session Replay Attacks
• Tools and Techniques for Session Hijacking
• Countermeasures for Session Hijacking

12. Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots

• IDS, IPS, and Firewall Evasion Techniques
• Fragmentation Attacks, Tunneling, Obfuscation
• Detection Evasion Tools (Nikto, Firewalk)
• Honeypots and Honeynets
• Firewall and IDS/IPS Best Practices

13. Hacking Web Servers

• Web Server Attacks (Directory Traversal, Web Shells)
• Exploiting Web Server Vulnerabilities
• Misconfiguration Exploits and Zero-Day Attacks
• Tools: Metasploit, Nikto, and others
• Countermeasures for Web Server Attacks

14. Hacking Web Applications

• Web Application Attacks (SQL Injection, XSS, CSRF)
• Exploiting Authentication and Authorization Flaws
• Session Management Attacks
• Web Application Security Tools: Burp Suite, OWASP ZAP
• Web Application Security Best Practices (OWASP Top 10)

15. SQL Injection

• Introduction to SQL Injection Attacks
• Types: In-Band, Blind, Out-of-Band SQL Injection
• Exploiting SQL Injection for Data Exfiltration
• SQL Injection Tools: sqlmap, Havij
• SQL Injection Countermeasures (Input Validation, Prepared Statements)

16. Hacking Wireless Networks

• Wireless Network Encryption: WEP, WPA, WPA2
• Wireless Hacking Techniques (Cracking WEP/WPA2, Evil Twin Attacks)
• Wireless Sniffing and Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
• Wireless Hacking Tools: Aircrack-ng, WiFite
• Wireless Security Best Practices

17. Hacking Mobile Platforms

• Mobile Operating Systems (iOS, Android)
• Mobile Platform Attack Vectors
• Mobile Malware, SMS Phishing, App Exploits
• Mobile Device Management (MDM) Security
• Mobile Device Security Best Practices

18. IoT Hacking

• Introduction to IoT (Internet of Things) and IIoT
• IoT Threats and Vulnerabilities
• IoT Device Hacking Techniques
• IoT Security Tools
• Securing IoT Networks and Devices

19. Cloud Computing

• Cloud Computing Concepts
• Cloud Security Issues and Challenges
• Cloud Computing Threats (Data Breaches, Insecure APIs)
• Cloud Service Models: SaaS, PaaS, IaaS
• Cloud Security Best Practices

20. Cryptography

• Cryptography Concepts (Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryption)
• Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
• Hashing Algorithms (SHA, MD5)
• Digital Signatures and Certificates
• Cryptanalysis Techniques and Tools
• Cryptography Best Practices

21. Penetration Testing Framework

• Introduction to Penetration Testing
• Phases of Penetration Testing (Planning, Reconnaissance, Scanning, Exploitation, Reporting)
• Penetration Testing Tools and Techniques
• Writing Penetration Testing Reports
• Penetration Testing Best Practices

22. Ethical Hacking Tools

• Kali Linux and its Toolsets
• Metasploit Framework
• Nmap, Wireshark, John the Ripper, Hydra, Nikto, Burp Suite
• Scripting for Automation (Python, Bash)
• Ethical Hacking Lab Setup